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Cognitive Trends in Iranian High-School Final Examinations: A Bloom’s Taxonomy-Based Longitudinal Analysis of Persian Language and Literary Studies and Techniques (2019–2024) | ||
| Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies | ||
| مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده، انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 28 شهریور 1405 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ijals.2026.53745.2570 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Ebrahim Samani* 1؛ Ghasem Mehravar Giglou2؛ َAbdolhossein Heydari1 | ||
| 1Department of Persian Language and Literature Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Persian Language and Literature Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study examines the cognitive characteristics of Iranian high-school final examinations over six years (2019–2024) using the revised Bloom’s taxonomy. The study employed a quantitative content analysis with qualitative illustrative examples. Examination questions in Persian Language and Literary Studies and Techniques were classified into six cognitive levels: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyze, Evaluate, and Create. Descriptive statistics were used to examine yearly distributions, and a chi-square test was conducted to examine the association between examination period and the presence or absence of higher-order thinking. The findings revealed a strong predominance of lower-order cognition, with more than 80% of questions targeting Remember, Understand, or Apply. Evaluate and Create were almost absent throughout the study period. The statistical analysis did not indicate a significant association between examination period and the presence of higher-order thinking. Overall, the findings suggest that Iranian national examinations in these subjects have remained largely focused on lower-order cognitive processes, with limited emphasis on critical thinking and creative problem solving. The study highlights the need for greater alignment between examination design, curricular objectives, and the development of higher-order thinking skills. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Bloom’s taxonomy؛ Question analysis؛ Chi Square test؛ Critical thinking؛ Iranian education | ||
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