کهن‌ترین مکتوبات غیر اسلامی دربارۀ ظهور اسلام و قرآن

ابن أبی شیبه کوفی، عبدالله بن محمد (1409/1989) المصنف. بیروت: چاپ سعید اللحام.

احمدبن حنبل بغدادی ( بی تا) مسند احمد. بیروت: دار صادر.

بشیر، سلیمان (1984) مقدمة فی التاریخ الآخَر، القدس.

بلاذری، احمد بن یحیی (1956) فتوح البلدان. چاپ صلاح الدین المنجد. قاهره: مکتبة النهضة المصریة.

یاقوت حموی (1399/1979) معجم البلدان.  بیروت: دار إحیاء التراث العربی.

Crone, Patricia and Cook, Michael, Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World, Cambridge University Press, 1977.

Crone, Patricia, (2012), The Quranic Mushrikūn and the resurrection (Part I). Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies.

Deus, A. J., The Great Leap-Fraud, volume II, Islam and Secularization, iUniverse, 2011.

Gil, Moshe. A History of Palestine, 634–1099. Cambridge university press, 1992.

Goldziher, Ignaz, Muslim Studies (Muhammedanische Studien), trans. C.R. Barber and S.M. Stern, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1971, v.2.

Hawting, Gerald, The Sectarin Milieu (Wansbrough), Foreword.

Hoyland, Robert. G, “Earliest Christian Writings On Muhammad: An appraisal”, in: The Biography of Muhammad: The Issue of the Sources, Edited by: Harald Motzki, Brill, 2000, p. 276-297.

Ibid, Seeing Islam As Others Saw It: A Survey and Evaluation of Christian, Jewish and Zoroastrian Writings on Early Islam, The Darwin Press,INC. Princeton, New Jersey, 1997 (second printing, 2001).

Ibid, The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles, Liverpool University Press, 1993.

Koren, Judith. & Nevo, Yehuda, "Methodological Approaches To Islamic Studies", Der Islam, 1991, Band 68.

Maloush, Talal, Early Hadith Literature And The Theory Of Ignaz Goldziher, Edinburgh, August 2000.

Motzki, Harald, “Dating Muslim Traditions: A Survey”, Arabica 52:2 (2005) Leiden: Brill.

Ibid, The Origins of Islamic Jurisprudence, Translated from German: Marion H. Katz, Brill, Leiden. Boston. Köln, 2002.

Muir, Sir W, The Mohammedan Controversy, Biographies Of Mohammed, Sprenger On Tradition, Indian Liturgy And The Psalter, 1897, T. & T. Clark: Edinburgh.

Nevo, Y. D, "Towards A Prehistory Of Islam", Jerusalem Studies In Arabic And Islam, 1994.

Nevo, Yehuda D. and Koren, Judith, Crossroads To Islam: The Origins of the Arab Religion and Arab State, Amherst, New York, 2003.

Nichol, Jon, creativity, connectivity and interpretation, in: Hilary Cooper, Teaching History creatively, Routledge 2013.

Neuwirth, Angelika, Qur'an and History - a Disputed Relationship Some Reflections on Qur'anic History and History in the Qur'an Journal of Qur'anic Studies, vol. v, no. I, 2003, pp. 1-118.

 Ohlig, Karl-Heinz and Puin, Gerd-R. The Hidden Origins of Islam: New Research into Its Early History, Amherst, New York, 2010.

Saadi, Abdul-Massih, Nascent Islam in the seventh century Syriac sources, in: The Quran in its Historical Context, Edited by Gabriel Said Reynolds, Routledge, 2008, p. 217-222.

Schacht, Joseph, The Origins of Mohammadan Jurisprudence, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1950.

Schoeler, Gregor, The Biography of Mohammad: Nature and Authenticity, translated by Uwe VagelPohl, Edited by James  E. Montgomery, Routledge, 2011.

Suermann, Harald, Early Islam in the Light of Christian and Jewish Sources, in: The Qurʾān in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations into the Qurānic Milieu, Edited by: Angelika Neuwirth, Nicolai Sinai, Michael Marx, Leiden/ Boston: 2010.

Wansbrough, John,, Quranic Studies: Sources and Methods of Scriptural Interpretation, Foreword, Translations, and Expanded Notes by ANDREW RIPPIN, Prometheus Books, Amherst, New York, 2004.

Ibid, The Sectarian Milieu: Content and Composition of Islamic Salvation History, Amherst, New York, 2006.