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Ritual Use of Shells in the Zagros Region of the Iranian Plateau | ||
| Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies | ||
| مقاله 3، دوره 15، شماره 2، 2025، صفحه 29-42 اصل مقاله (1.53 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ijas.2025.51218.1335 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Parisa Naseri1؛ Abbas Motarjem* 1؛ David S. Reese2؛ Richard L. Currier3 | ||
| 1Department of Archeology Bu-Ali Sina University,Hamadan,Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Anthropology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven,USA. | ||
| 3Independent Researcher, Colorado, USA. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study attempts to explore two fundamental questions: 1) Why have shells long been used as an exotic and non-subsistence commodity? And 2) Does the ongoing use and sacred character of shells provide evidence for the persistence of a religious and spiritual attitude toward them? Shell habitats include the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, as well as the Sea of Oman, extending from the southern Iranian plateau to the Indus Valley. The extraction and trade of seashells as commodities have been in demand since the Upper Palaeolithic and continue to this day. The analysis of the context used indicates that most shell objects are found in temples and shrines or given as offerings to the dead. Clearly, this context highlights a religious significance and reflects the beliefs of people throughout different periods regarding life after death and the special meaning attributed to these objects. In ethnographic contexts, shells symbolise spiritual forces, serving functions such as repelling demons and the evil eye. The brilliance and other physical properties of shells have captivated human interest from an aesthetic perspective. Water has also played a profound role in the ancient cultures of the Middle East, with gods associated with water evident in the ancient cultures of Iran from the Middle Bronze Age onwards. The enduring belief in the religious significance of shell objects, which has remained relatively unchanged since the Palaeolithic and Neolithic periods, aids in the interpretation of ancient contexts. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Shell؛ Persian Gulf؛ Ethnographic؛ The Zagros Region؛ Ritual | ||
| مراجع | ||
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