اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 27 |
| تعداد شماره‌ها | 566 |
| تعداد مقالات | 5,825 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 8,162,134 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 5,460,833 |
A Survey of the Persian Historic Bathhouses from the Safavid to the Qajar Period (With an Emphasis on Decorations and Architectural Features) | ||
| Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies | ||
| مقاله 4، دوره 8، شماره 1، 2018، صفحه 41-63 اصل مقاله (11.65 MB) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ijas.2018.5124 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
Marzyeh Ghasemi  1؛ Gholam- Ali Hatam2؛ Farhad Tehrani3
| ||
| 1Department of Art, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran. | ||
| 2Department of Art, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. | ||
| 3Department of Architecture, Islamic Azad University of Qazvin, Qazvin, Iran. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| Decoration plays an important role in Islamic-Persian architecture. Being a synthesis of ancient traditions, Islamic instructions, and different periods’ developments, this style of architecture applies various kinds of ornamentation that convey spiritual values and concepts besides beauty. Although in Islamic lands and civilization, mosques have constantly been the focus of religious attention with magnificent decorations, other places such as bathhouses (hammām)—being in direct connection with ceremonious purification—enjoyed such characteristics as well. Despite the fact that there have remained few pre-Safavid samples of historic bathhouses, such buildings abound from this period on. Studying these works acquaints us with the ornamental styles of the traditional bathhouses and makes us familiar with the evolution of decorations in later periods. The present study, conducted using analytical-descriptive and historical-comparative methods, aimed to investigate the developing trends emerged and continued in bathhouses with an emphasis on such decorative elements as tilework, wall painting, lime work, etc. from the Safavid era to the Qajar era. The results showed that Safavid architects’ achievements in bathhouses decorations were manifested, as in other fields of art and culture, in those of later periods, especially the Qajar era. By increasing the motifs and expanding the spaces, Qajar artists extended and applied those methods and innovations in some ornamental elements preserving the decorative tradition of Islamic-Persian architecture, particularly in public bathhouses. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| Bathhouse؛ Architecture؛ Iran؛ Safavid؛ Qajar؛ Decoration | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
Abdol, Hafiz & Ali Mohamad.2007 Baths of Alexandria in the nineteenth andtwentieth centuries (In Arabic). Center for Studies of Alexandria and MediterraneanCivilization. Abd-or-razzāq, Muavviz & Mohammad Mansoor.2013 Public baths in the city of Aleppo fromthe beginning of the Ayyubid period untilthe end of the Ottoman period, anarchaeological and architectural study(In Arabic). Qahera, Maktab-ol Arabi lel-Maaref. Afzal Tousi, Effat-os-Sadat & Nasim Māni .2013 Sangabs of Isfahan, Shiite sacred art (InPersian). Baq-e Nazar Journal, No. 27:49- 60. Ajorlou, Bahram & Parisa Nami Garmi .2011 Texture identification, the main bed of tilesof Nobarhistorical bath in Tabriz (In Persian).Baq-e Nazar Journal, No. 31:77-88. Alam, Ne'mat-Esma'il.2003 Middle Eastern arts in the Islamic period (InPersian). Translated by Abbas-Ali Tafazzoli, Mashad, Behnashr Pub. Al-Ghazali, Mohammed.1980 Revival of the religion sciences (In Persian).ed. Hussein Khadiv-Jam, Tehran, Bonyad-e Farhang-e Iran. Ali, Ahmad Rajab Mohammad.2006 History and architecture of houses, palaces, rest houses and Islamic archaeological bathsin India (In Arabic). Alqahera, Dar al-MesriyeAl-Lobnani-ye. Aqa-Jamal Khansari.1970 Women’s beliefs (InPersian). ed. MahmoudKatirayi, Tehran, Tahouri Pub. Aqfahsi, Alshafe-ei.2000 Complete speech in the etiquette of enteringthe bathroom (In Arabic). Research byMohammad Kha-er Usof Remazan, Birrot-Lobnan, Dare Ebn-e Hazm. Bahreini, Shaikh-Ali.2011 Nuzhat essay In bathing etiquette anddressing and traveling (In Persian). Kerman.Bi Na. Baqeri, Fariba .2003 A look at the seven-color tiles of Afifabadbath (In Persian). Kitab-i Mah-i HunarJournal, No. 57 & 58:158-163. Bozorgmehri, Zohreh.2002 Building materials, Āzhand, lining and Āmūdin the ancient buildings of Iran (In Persian).Tehran,the Cultural Heritage OrganizationPub. Burckhardt, Titus.1986 Islamic art (In Persian). Translated by MsoudRajabnia, Tehran, Soroush Pub. Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar.1958 dictionary (In Persian). Tehran, TehranUniversity Pub. Drouville, Gaspard.1988 Travel in Iran (In Persian).Translated byManouchehr Etemad Moqaddam, Tehran,Shabaviz Pub. Ebn-e Kasir, Emad-do Din Abel Feda.1997 The Book of Etiquette and Provisions Relatedto Entering the Bathroom(In Arabic).Research by Abi-Soliman Sami EbnMohamad ebn-e Jaddollah, Bija, Darol VatanLel-Nashr . Ekushar , Michel.1985 Baths of Damascus (In Arabic). Arabizationof Mamdouh Al-Zarkali and Nazih Al-Kavakebi, Dameshq, Matbaa Al-Ensha. Elm, Majid.1995 Historical monuments of Kerman and study oftheir designs (In Persian). Kerman Journal,No. 19 (winter issue). Erdoğan, Abdülkerım.2013 Ankara Hamamları Ve Kaplıcaları. Ankara. Fakhar, Farhad.2000 Baths in the view of time (In Persian). SuffehJournal, No. 30, Year 10. Ganjnāmeh.2004 (In Persian) ed. Kambiz Haji-Qasemi, Tehran,Rowzaneh Pub. Golriz, Mohammad-Ali.1989 Minodar, or, the paradise gate of Qazvin (InPersian). Qazvin. Hamzehlou, Manouchehr & Abolfazl Farahani Valashjerdi.2007 Arak Four Seasons Bath(In Persian). InMajmou'eh Maqāleh-hāyi Hamāyish-iHammām dar Farhang-i Irani, Tehran.Hassan-Beigi, Mohammad-Reza.1998 oldTehran (In Persian). Tehran. MansouriPub. Heidari, Daryoush; Hamed Yunesi & QalamrezaVatankhah.2013 Research in historicallimestone mortars s ā r ū j ) ; C a s e s t u d y( : Bath of princes in Isfahan(In Persian). Marimat va Mimārī-yi Iran Journal,No. 5, Year 3. Hur-e Ameli.1993 Means of Shia (In Persian). Qom,Al-al-Beit Leh-Ehya-at-Torath Institue.Katirayi, Mahmoud.1969 From clay to clay (InPersian).Tehran,Mutale'at va Tahqiqat-e Ejtema'ee Institute. Khawaja, Muhammad Saeed .2011 Islamic Art and Its Spiritual Message,International Journal of Humanities andSocial Science, Vol. 1, No. 2. Kian, Maryam.2012 Painted tiles of Ibrahim Khan Zahir Al-Dawlah bath in Kerman (In Persian).Beynab Journal, No. 21:193-212. Kiani, Maryam.2005 Calcareous paintings in bathrooms (InPersian). In Majmou'eh MaqālehhāyiHamāyish-i Hammām dar Farhang-iIrani, Tehran, The cultural Heritage andTourism Organization. Lotfi, Alireza & Hussein Masjedi .2011 Bath Culture with an approach to Isfahanbaths (In Persian). Tehran, Aban Pub. Mahjour, Firouz.2003 Baths in Iranian-Islamic cities (In Persian).Kitab-i Mah-i Hunar Journal, No. 57 &58:60-67. Malek-ol-Attibbā, Mohammad-Kazem.2003 Nasserite Preserving the health (In Persian).Zamīmeh-yi Kitābshināshī-yi Hammām, ed.Nader Karimiyan Sardashti,Tehran,Pajouhesh-kadeh-ye Mirath-e Farhangi. Mansouri Joz-Abadi, Jamileh; Seyyed-Hashem Husseini& Mitra Shateri .2017 Study of the themes of tile designs in thehistorical baths of Isfahan from the beginningof the Safavid period to the end of the Qajarera (In Persian). Asar Journal, No. 76, pp.73-88. Mohammad, Abdul-Mun'am Jamal.2004 Al-Hamra Palaces: Diwan of Architectureand ArabicInscriptions (In Arabic). Eskandari-ye.Mokhlesi, Mohammad-Ali.2003 Bathroom decorations and arrangements (InPersian). Kitab-i Mah-i Hunar Journal, No.57 & 58:106-114. Mounes-ad-Dowleh.2001 the memories (In Persian). By SirousSa'edvandiyan, Tehran, Zarrin Pub. Najafi, Naser.1985 Tehran in Nasserite era (In Persian). Tehran. Nasr, Hussein.2000 Sacred art in Iranian culture (InPersian), Hunar-hāyi Tajassumī Journal, No.10:58-69. Nuri, Hussein-ibn-Mohammad-Taqi.1988 Using the means and inferring the issues(In Persian). Qom, Al-al-Beit Institue. Okasha, Tharwat .2001 Islamic Painting (In Persian).Translated by Qolamreza Tahami, Tehran,Farhang-e Honar-e Eslimi Institute. Pirniya, Mohammad-Karim.2001 Introduction to Iranian Islamic architecture(In Persian).by Qulam-Hussein Memariyan,Tehran, Elm va San'at-e Iran University Pub. Salur, Qahreman-Mirza (Eyn-os-Saltaneh).1995 Memoirs Newspaper (In Persian). ed.Masoud Salur & Iraj Afshar, Tehran. Serena, Carla .1983 Madame Carla Serna's Travelogue: Peopleand Religions in Iran (In Persian). Translatedby Ali-Asqar Seyyedi. Tehran. Seyf, Hadi.1997 Painting on tiles (In Persian). Tehran,Soroush Pub. Shahrībāf, Ja'far.2004 Old Tehran (In Persian). Tehran, Mo'in Pub. Sotoudeh, Manouchehr.2003 Bath in my memories (In Persian). Kitab-iMah-i Hunar Journal, No. 57 & 58. Tabasi, Mohsen.2002 Re-reading the endowment letter andphysical examination of Aliqli-Agha neighborhood center (In Persian), SuffehJournal, No. 35.93-121. Tabasi, Mohsen.2007 Identification and analysis of factorsaffecting the physical and functionalchanges in the architecture of Iranianbathhouses in the Safavid period(In Persian). PhD dissertation, Research inArt field of study, Tarbiat ModarresUniversity. Yavari, Hussein & Roqayyeh Baavafa .2011 Isfahan, Garden of Heaven, A Journeyin the Wisdom of Islamic Architecture andRelated Decorations in the Safavid Period(with Emphasis on Islamic Architecture ofIsfahan in the Safavid Period) (In Persian).Tehran, Simayeh Danesh Pub. Zaker-Amoli, Layla & Isa Esfandjari Konari .2005 Rehnan bath (In Persian). In the collectionof articles of the Bathes in Iranian cultureconference, Tehran, The Cultural Heritageand Tourism Organization Pub. Zamarshidi, Hussein.2012 The evolution of tiling in Safavidarchitecture until today (In Persian),Mutāli'āt-i Mimārī-yi Iran Journal,No. 2.:65-78 | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 260 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 31 |
||
