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Orientation towards Qibla in Iranian Mosques: The Confrontation of Elements | ||
| Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies | ||
| دوره 12، شماره 2، 2022 | ||
| نوع مقاله: Review Article | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ijas.2022.7527 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
Aref Azizpour Shoubi 1؛ Azita Balali Oskoyi  2
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| 1Architecture and urbanism Faculty, Tabriz Islamic Art University | ||
| 2architecture and urbanism faculty, Tabriz Islamic Art University | ||
| چکیده | ||
| A deciding factor in the design of a mosque is the direction of the Qibla. The Qibla is the direction towards the Kaaba, which marks a fixed direction of prayer for Muslims worldwide. The mosque adjacent to Prophet’s house is credited with the earliest attempt at qibla-orientation, which was based on the canopy. In later stages, the orientation would be determined through the courtyard direction. However, Iranian architecture has employed several other ways to orientate towards Qibla, given its specific elements that differ from those of Arabian architecture. The first mosques in Iran were established through changing the function of the earlier chahar-taqi buildings. Yet, several other mosque designs also emerged in Iran as Iranian architecture was dynamic and constantly evolving. The three elements of the “dome,” “iwan,” and “courtyard” have interacted with each other within the Iranian mosques. This paper focuses on the role and implications of these three elements for qibla-orientation. As a primary research, it combines exploratory and descriptive-analytical approaches to study and examine various Iranian mosques from different periods. The results suggest that the courtyard was less influential than the other two elements in the mosques in shabestani, one-iwan and two-iwan plans. However, with the advent of the four-iwan scheme, the courtyard took on the primary role in the mosques of the pre-Safavid period. Mosques would begin to develop a more centripetal organization in the Safavid period, when the courtyard and iwan, placed opposite to the direction of qibla, assumed a more critical role. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Iranian mosque؛ Qibla؛ Dome؛ Iwan؛ Courtyard | ||
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آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 23 |
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