PSO Based EKF Wheel-rail Adhesion Estimation

[1]  J. Zhou, M. Wu, C. Tian, et al., “Experimental investigation on wheel–rail adhesion characteristics under water and large sliding conditions.” Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, Vol. 73, No. 2, pp. 366-372. 2021.

[2]  H. Chen, T. Furuya, S. Fukagai, et al., “Wheel slip/Slide and low adhesion caused by fallen leaves.” wear, Vol. 446–447, 203187, 2020.

[3]  M. Harmon, R. Lewis “Review of top of rail friction modifier tribology. Tribology Materials, Surfaces & Interfaces.” pp.150–162, 2016.

[4]  Y. Lyu, E. Bergseth, U. Olofsson “Open system tribology and influence of weather condition. Scientific Reports.” 6:32455, 2016.

[5] H. Chen, H. Tanimoto, “Experimental observation of temperature and surface roughness effects on wheel/rail adhesion in wet conditions.” Int J Rail Transportation. 6:101–112, 2018.

[6]  U. Olofsson, Y. Lyu, “Open system tribology in the wheel–rail contact—a literature review.” Appl Mechanics Rev. 69:60803, 2017.

[7]  M. Shen., Y. Qin, D. Ji, et al. “Role of ambient temperature in the adhesion and damage characteristics of wheel/rail interface during rolling-sliding contact.” wear, Vol. 506–507, 204458. 2022.

[8]  M. Spiryagin, C. Cole, YQ Sun, et al. “General modelling  techniques. Design and simulation of rail vehicles.” Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press/Taylor and Francis. pp. 79–95, 2014.

[9]  H. Chen, M. Ishida, A. Namura, et al. “Estimation of wheel/rail adhesion coefficient under wet condition with measured boundary friction coefficient and real contact area”, Wear, Vol. 271, pp. 32–39, 2011.

[10]  I. Hussain, T. Mei, and Ritchings, “R. Estimation of wheelrail contact conditions and adhesion using the multiple model approach”,  Vehicle System Dynamics,  Vol. 51, pp. 32–53, 2013.

[11]   S. Strano, and M. Terzo, “On the real-time estimation of the wheel-rail contact force by means of a new nonlinear estimator design model”, Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing, Vol. 105, pp. 391–403, 2018.

[12]  H. Schwartz and R. Kresse, “Implementation of an advanced wheel creep control with searching strategy on a light rail vehicle,” European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, Nagaoka, Japan, pp. 3.434–3.438, 1997.

[13]  I. Yasuoka, T. Henmi,Y. Nakazawa, and I. Aoyama, “Improvement of re-adhesion for commuter trains with vector  controltraction inverter,” Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference, pp. 51–56, 1997.

[14]  T. Watanabe and A. Yamanaka, T. Hirose, K. Hosh, and S. Nakamura, “Optimisation of readhesion control of Shinkansen trains with wheel–rail adhesion, prediction, Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conferecne,” Nagaoka, Japan, pp. 47–50, 1997.

[15]  M. Spiryagin, P. Wolfs, Q. Wu, et al. “Rail Cleaning  Process and its Influence on Locomotive Performance.” Joint Rail Conference (JRC2017). Philadelphia, PA: ASME. Apr 4, 2017.

[16]  M. Spiryagin, C. Cole, YQ. Sun, “Adhesion estimation and its implementation for traction control of locomotives.” Int J Rail Transportation, pp.187–204, 2014.

[17]  P. Pichlík, J. Zděnek, “Adhesion force detection method based on the kalman filter for slip control purpose,” Automatika ‒ Journal for Control, Measurement, Electronics, Computing and Communications, Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 405-415, 2016.

[18]  Y. Zhao, B. Liang, “Re-adhesion control for a railway single wheelset test rig based on the behaviour of the traction motor,” Vehicle Syst Dyn, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 173–1185, 2013.

[19] A. Kawamura, , K. Takeuchi, T. Furuya, et al., “Measurement of Tractive Force and the New Maximum Tractive Force Control by the Newly Developed Tractive Force Measurement Equipment,” IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications, Vol. 123, No. 8, pp. 885-893, 2003.

[20] Y. Matsumoto, N. Eguchi, A. Kawamura, “Novel Re-Adhesion Control for Train Traction System of The Shinkansen with The Estimation of Wheel-to-Rail Adhesive Force,” IECON'01, 27th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (Cat. No.37243), 29 Nov.-2 Dec. Denver, CO, USA, Vol. 2, pp. 1207-1212, 2001.

[21]  Y. Zhao, B. Liang, “Re-adhesion control for a railway single wheelset test rig based on the behaviour of the traction motor”, Vehicle System Dynamics, Vol 51, No. 8, pp. 1173-1185, 2013.

[22]  S. Wang, J. Xiao, J. Huang, Sheng, H., “Locomotive Wheel Slip Detection Based on Multi-Rate State İdentification of Motor Load Torque”, Journal of the Franklin Institute, Vol. 353, No. 2, pp. 521-540, 2016.

[23] M. Barut, O. Bogosyan, M. Gokasan, “EKF Based Estimation for Direct Vector Control of  Induction Motors”, IEEE 28th Annual Conference of the Industrial Electronics Society, Sevilla, Spain, pp.1710-1715. November 2002.

[24]  L. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Liu, et al, “Application of  Genetic Algorithms in EKF for Speed Estimation of an Inducion Motor”, Proc. on IEEE Power Electronics Specialist Conference, Acapulco, Mexico, Vol. 1, pp. 345-349, 15-19, June 2003

[25]  C. Schwarz, A. Keck, “Observer Synthesis for the Adhesion Estimation of a Railway Running Gear”. ELSEVIER, Vol 52, Issue 15, pp. 319-324, 2019.

[26] M. Barut, S. Bogosyan, and M. Gokasan, “Speed-Sensorless Estimation for Induction Motors Using Extended Kalman Filters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 272–280, Feb. 2007.

[27]  M. Barut, R. Demir, E. Zerdali, and R. Inan, “Real-Time Implementation of Bi Input-Extended Kalman Filter-Based Estimator for Speed-Sensorless Control of Induction Motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 59, No. 11, pp. 4197–4206, Nov. 2012.

[28] R. Inan and M. Barut, “Bi input-extended Kalman filter-based speed-sensorless control of an induction machine capable of working in the field-weakening region,” Turk J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 22, No. 3,pp. 588–604, Apr. 2014

[29]  E. Zerdali and M. Barut, “Novel version of bi input- extended Kalman filter for speed-sensorless control of induction motors with estimations of rotor and stator resistances, load torque, and inertia,” Turk. J. Electr.Eng. Comput. Sci., Vol. 24, No. 5, pp. 4525–4544, 2016.

[30] S. H. Moosapour, M. Asadollahi, and S. S. Moosapour, “State Estimation in a Power System by Utilizing EKF and UKF.” 28th International Power System Conference, Tehran, 2014.

[31]  K. L. Shi, T. Chan, Y. Wong, and S. Ho, “Speed estimation of an induction motor drive using an optimized extended Kalman filter,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp. 124–133, Feb.2002.

[32] N. Salvatore, A. Caponio, F. Neri, S. Stasi, et al, “Optimization of Delayed-State Kalman-Filter-Based Algorithm via Differential Evolution for Sensorless Control of Induction Motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 385–394, Jan. 2010.

[33]  E. Zerdali and M. Barut, “The Comparisons of Optimized Extended Kalman Filters for Speed-Sensorless Control of Induction Motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 4340–4351, Jun. 2017.

[34] A. Almagbile, J. Wang, and W. Ding, “Evaluating the Performances of Adaptive Kalman Filter Methods in GPS/INS Integration,” Journal of Global Positioning Systems, Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 33–40, Jun. 2010. Using an Interfacing Multiple-Model Extended Kalman Filter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 29, No. 6, pp. 3011–3019, Jun. 2014.

[35]  K. Drozdz, “Estimation of the mechanical state variables of the two-mass system using fuzzy adaptive Kalman filter - Experimental study,” in 2015 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cybernetics (CYBCONF), pp. 455–459, Jun. 2015.

[36]  Z. Yin, G. Li, Y. Zhang, et al, “A Speed and Flux Observer of Induction Motor Based on Extended Kalman Filterand Markov Chain,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 32, No. 9, pp. 7096–7117, Sep. 2017.

[37]  Z. Yin, L. Xiao, X. Sun, et al, “A speed and flux estimation method of induction motor using fuzzy extended kalman filter,” in Electronics and Application Conference and Exposition (PEAC), 2014 International, pp. 693–698, Nov. 2014

[38] C. P. Ward, R. M. Goodall, R. Dixon, et al. “Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering. Vehicle System Dynamics,” Vol. 50, pp.1797–1816, 2012.

[39]  P. Hubbard, C. Ward, R. Goodall, et al. ‘Real time detection of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,” Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit, Vol. 227, pp. 623–634, 2013

[40]  S. Iwnicki, editor. Handbook of railway vehicle dynamics.  Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2006.

[41] M. Spiryagin, C. Cole, YQ. Sun, et al. “Design and simulation of rail vehicles, ground vehicle engineering series,” Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2014.

[42] C. Weidemann, “State-of-the-art railway vehicle design with multibody simulation,” J Mech Systems Transport Logist, pp. 12–26; 2010.

[43] A. Steimel, “Electric traction–motive power and energy supply: basics and practical experience,” Munich: Oldenbourg   Industrieverlag; 2008.

[44]  R. Mathew, F. Flinders, and W. Oghanna, “Locomotive ‘total systems’ simulation using SIMULINK,” Proceedings of international conference on electric railways in a United Europe; Amsterdam, pp. 202–206, 1995.

[45] O. Polach, “Creep forces in simulations of traction vehicles running on adhesion limit,” Wear.  258:992–1000; 2005.

[46] EAH. Vollebregt, “Numerical modeling of measured railway creep versus creep-force curves with CONTACT,” Wear. Vol. 314, pp. 87–95; 2014.

[47] M. Spiryagin, KS. Lee, HH. Yoo, et al, “Modeling of adhesion for railway vehicles.” J Adhes Sci Technol. pp.1017–1034; 2008.

[48] M. Spiryagin, O. Polach, and C. Cole, “Creep force modelling for rail traction vehicles based on the Fastsim algorithm,” Veh Syst Dyn.;51(11):1765–1783, 2013.

[49] JJ. Kalker, “A fast algorithm for the simplified theory of rolling contact,” Veh Syst Dyn.Vol.1, pp.1–13; 1982.

[50] O. Polach, “Influence of locomotive tractive effort on the  forces between wheel and rail,” Veh Syst Dyn. pp.7–22; 2001.

[51]  M. Spiryagin, S. Simson, C. Cole, et al. “Co-simulation of a mechatronic system using Gensys and Simulink,” Veh Syst Dyn, Vol. 50, pp. 495–507, 2012.

[52]  HP. Kotz, “A toolkit for simulating mechatronics in railway vehicles,” Simpack User Meeting 2003, Germany, 2003. Available from: http://www.simpack.com/fileadmin / simpack/doc/usermeeting03/um03-siemens_kotz.pdf.

[53]  M. Spiryagin, A. George, YQ. Sun, et al, “Investigation on the locomotive multibody modelling issues and results assessment based on the locomotive model acceptance procedure,” J Rail Rapid Transit; Vol. 227, Issue 5,  pp. 453–468, 2013.

[54]  O. Polach, A. Böttcher, D. Vannucci, et al, “Validation of simulation models in the context of railway vehicle acceptance,” J Rail Rapid Transit. October 28, 2014; published  online before print.

[55] Y. Zhang, S. Wang, G. Ji, “A comprehensive survey on particle swarm optimization algorithm and its applications,” Math. Probl. Eng. 2015.

[56]  R. Eberhart, J. Kennedy, “A new optimizer using particle swarm theory,” Micro Machine and Human Science, MHS 95., Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on, 1995, pp. 39–43, 1995.

[57] M. M. Rizi, S. Abazari, N, Mahdian, “Dynamic Stability Improvement of Power System with Simultaneous and Coordinated Control of DFIG and UPFC using LMI,” Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp. 341-353, 2021. Available from:  https://doi.org/10.22111/ieco.2021.37604.1340

[58] Q. Wu, C. Cole, T. McSweeney, “Applications of particle swarm optimization in the railway domain,” Int. J. Rail Transp. Vol. 4, Issue 3, pp.167–190, 2016.

[59]  A. Onat, P. Voltr, “Particle swarm optimization based parametrization of adhesion and creep force models for simulation and modelling of railway vehicle systems with traction,” ELSEVIER, Vol. 99, 102026, 2020.

[60]  A. Zirek, A. Onat, “A novel anti-slip control approach for railway vehicles with traction based on adhesion estimation with swarm intelligence,” Springer,  Vol. 28, Issue 4, pp. 346–364, 2020.

[61] M. Barut, S. Bogosyan, and M. Gokasan, “EKF Based Sensorless Direct Torque Control of IMs in The Low Speed Range”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2005, ISIE 2005, Dubrovnik, Croatia, pp. 20-23 June 2005.

[62] O. Polach, “A Fast Wheel-Rail Forces Calculation Computer,”  Veh. Syst. Dyn. Suppl, Vol. 33, pp. 728–739, 1999.

[63] J. Kalker, “On The Rolling Contact of Two Elastic Bodies in The Presence of Dry Friction,”  Wear, Vol. 11, Issue 4, pp. 303, 1968.  

[64]  KL. Shi, YK. Wong, and SL. Ho, “Speed estimation of an induction motor drive using an optimized extended Kalman filter.,”  IEEE Trans. On Industrial Electronics, Vol. 49, pp. 124-133, 2002.