تعداد نشریات | 29 |
تعداد شمارهها | 630 |
تعداد مقالات | 6,368 |
تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 9,731,551 |
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 6,362,958 |
An Appraisal of Chalcolithic Micaceous Red Ware Tradition (2600 – 1600 BCE) Based on Vagad and Other Sites in Gujarat, India | ||
Iranian Journal of Archaeological Studies | ||
دوره 12، شماره 2، 2022، صفحه 15-35 اصل مقاله (2.95 M) | ||
نوع مقاله: Research Article | ||
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ijas.2022.45009.1256 | ||
نویسندگان | ||
Rajesh S.V.* ؛ Abhayan G.S. | ||
Department of Archaeology, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, India. | ||
چکیده | ||
Chalcolithic Micaceous Red Ware widely distributed in the Bhal region of Gujarat during 2600‒1600 BCE was first reported from Rangpur in Surendranagar district. This ceramic type was also reported in limited quantity from other parts of Saurashtra, Kachchh, North Gujarat, and South Gujarat. The ware is primarily defined by its color, texture, surface finish, inclusions, shapes, and decorative pattern. Although it has been reported from twenty-nine sites to date, not much attempt has been made to bring to light and define its other cultural parameters. This paper tries to elucidate the characteristic features of this ceramic type. For this purpose, Micaceous Red Ware from Vagad was chosen for detailed typological studies, and the findings were compared with the data from other excavated and surveyed sites in Gujarat. Further, the available radiocarbon dates from these sites were recalibrated. This paper concludes with a verification of the term Micaceous Red Ware Tradition within the spatio-temporal framework. | ||
کلیدواژهها | ||
Bhal Region؛ Rangpur؛ Lothal؛ Urban Harappan Period؛ Post-Urban Harappan Period | ||
مراجع | ||
References
Ajithprasad P. 2008. Jaidak (Pithad): A Sorath Harappan site in Jamnagar district, Gujarat and its architectural features. T. Osada and A. Uesugi (Eds.). Occasional Paper 4: Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past: 83- 99. Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature.
Ajithprasad, P. 2002. The Pre Harappan Cultures of Gujarat. S. Setter and R. Korisetter (eds.). Indian Archaeology in Retrospect VolumeII Protohistory -Archaeology of the Harappan Civilization: 129-158. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers and distributors. Ajithprasad, P. 2009. The Harappan Burials in Gujarat. 13th Harvard University Round Table – Ethnogenesis of South and Central Asia (ESCA), Kyoto Session 30-31 May: 24-28. Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature. Ajithprasad, P. 2011. Chalcolithic Cultural Patterns and the Early Harappan Interaction in Gujarat. T. Osada and M. Witzel (eds.). Harvard Oriental Series, Opera Minerva Vol. 7. Cultural Relations Between the Indus and the Iranian Plateau During the Third Millennium BCE. Indus Project, Research Institute for Humanities and Nature, June 7-8, 2008: 11-40. Cambridge: Department of South Asian Studies, Harvard University.
Ajithprasad, P. 2011. Personal Communication.
Ajithprasad, P. 2018. Early Harappan burials and Kachchh. History Today 19: 21-33 and Plates 4-5.
Ajithprasad, P. & V. H. Sonawane. 2011. The Harappa Culture in North Gujarat: a Regional Paradigm. T. Osada and A. Uesugi (eds.). Occasional Paper 12 (Linguistics, Archaeology and the Human Past- Indus Project): 223-269. Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature.
Ajithprasad, P., S.V. Rajesh & B. Sharma. 2011. Archaeological explorations in the Saurashtra Coast of Junagadh District, Gujarat. Occasional Paper 10: Linguistics,Archaeology and the Human Past. T. Osada and A. Uesugi (Eds.). pp. 27-70. Kyoto: Research Institute for Humanity and Nature.
Allchin, F. R.; J. P. Joshi;A. K. Sharma; K. R. Alur; J. P. Srivastava; K. T. M. Hegde; V. Mittre & D. Shah. 1995. Excavations at Malvan. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India No. 92. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Ansari, Z. D. & M. K. Dhavalikar. 1971. New Light on the Prehistoric Cultures of Central India. World Archaeology 2 (3): 337-346. https://doi.org/10.1080/00438243.1971.9979484. Bhagat-Kar, S. 2001. A Study of the Harappan Pottery Tradition in Saurashtra (with Special Reference to Padri and Tarsara, Bhavnagar District, Gujarat). (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis). Department of Archaeology, Deccan College Post-Graduate andResearch Institute. Pune. Bhan, K. K. 1994. Cultural Development of the Prehistoric period in North Gujarat with Reference to Western India. South Asian Studies 10: 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/02666030.1994.9628478.
Bhan, K. K. 2010. Review of Prehistoric Pottery from Gujarat.Bhuj Round Table, International Conference on Gujarat Harappans and Chalcolithic Cultures. Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, Kyoto, Gujarat State Department of Archaeology, Gandhinagar and Institute of RajasthanStudies, JRN Rajasthan Vidyapeeth, Udaipur. Bhuj.
Bhan, K. K. and J. M. Kenoyer. 1984a. Nageshwar, an Industrial Centre of Chalcolithic Period. Puratattva 12: 115-120.
Bhan, K. K. & J. M. Kenoyer. 1984b. Nageswara: A Mature Harappan Shell Working Site on the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat. Journal of the Oriental Institute XXXIV (1-2): 67-80.
Bhan, K.K.; V.H. Sonawane; P. Ajithprasad & S. Pratapachandran. 2004. Excavations of an Important Harappan Trading and Craft Production Center at Gola Dhoro (Bagasra) on the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat, India, In Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in History and Archaeology 1 (2): 153-158.
Chase, B. A. 2007. Meat Provisioning and the Integration of the Indus Civilization: A Perspective from Gujarat (India) (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Madison: University of Wisconsin.
Clutton-Brock, J. 1965. Excavations at Langhnaj: 1944-63 (Part II) The Fauna. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute.
Dales, G. F. & J. M. Kenoyer 1986. Excavations at Mohenjodaro, Pakistan: the Pottery. With an account of the pottery from the 1950 excavation of Sir Mortimer Wheeler by Leslie Alcock. The University Museum Monograph, No. 53. Philadelphia. De Cardi, B. 1988 The grave-goods from Shimal tomb 6 in Ras al- Khaimah, U.A.E. In Araby the Blest. Studies in ArabianArchaeology, edited by D. T. Potts, pp. 45-72. Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications 7. Museum Tusculanum Press, Copenhagen. Deetz, J. 1967. Invitation to Archaeology. New York: The Natural History Press.
Dhavalikar, M. K. 1979. Early Farming Cultures of Central India. D. P. Agrawal and D. K. Chakravarti (eds.). Essays in Indian Protohistory: 229-245. Delhi: B. R. Publishing Corporation. Dhavalikar, M. K. & G. L. Possehl. 1992. The Pre-Harappan Period at Prabhas Patan and the Pre-Harappan Phase in Gujarat. Man and Environment XVII (1): 72-78. Dhavalikar, M. K.;M. R. Raval & Y. M. Chitalwala 1996. Kuntasi: A Harappan Emporium on West Coast. Pune: Deccan College.
Dikshit, M. G. 1950. Excavations at Rangpur: 1947. Bulletin of the Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute XI (1): 3-55.
Dimri, K. 1994. Ceramic Variability at Vagad with Special Emphasis to Micaceous Red Ware – A Petrographic Approach (Unpublished M. A. Dissertation). Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Vadodara. Dimri, K. 1999. Chalcolithic Settlements in Bhogava and Sukha Bhadar Valley. (Unpublished Ph.D Thesis). Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Vadodara.
Eddy, F. W. 1984. Archaeology A Cultural – Evolutionary Approach. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc.
Ehrhardt, S. & K. A. R. Kennedy. 1965. Excavations at Langhnaj: 1944-63 (Part II) The Human Remains. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. Gaur, A. S. & Sundaresh. 2003. Onshore Excavation at Bet Dwarka Island, in the Gulf of Kachchh, Gujarat. Man and Environment XXVIII (1): 57-66.
Gaur, A. S.; Sundaresh & K. H. Vora. 2005. Archaeology of Bet Dwarka Island An Excavation Report. New Delhi and Goa: Aryan Books International and National Institute of Oceanography.
Ghurye, G. S. 1939. Two Old Sites in Kathiawar. Journral of the University of Bombay VIII (1): 3-12.
Gogte, V. D. 2000. Indo-Arabian Maritime Contacts During the Bronze Age: Scientific Study of Pottery from Ras al-Junayz (Oman). Admatu 2: 7-14.
Haury, E. W. 1956. An Archaeological Approach to the Study of Cultural Stability. Seminars in Archaeology: 1955: 31–57. Washington, D.C.: Society for American Archaeology Memoir 11.
Hegde, K. T. M; K. K. Bhan; V. H. Sonawane; K. Krishnan & D. R. Shah. 1990. Excavation at Nageshwar Gujarat A Harappan Shell Working Site on the Gulf of Kutch. Maharaja Sayajirao University Archaeology Series No. 18. Baroda: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Hegde, K.T.M.; V.H. Sonawane; D. R. Shah;K.K. Bhan; P. Ajithprasad; K.Krishnan &S. Pratapchandran. 1988. Excavation at Nagwada 1986 and 87: A preliminary Report. Man and Environment XII: 55-65. Heras, H. 1938. A Proto-Indian Sign from Vala. The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society XXVIII (3): 141-143.
Herman, C. F. 1989. Rojdi Material Culture; The Sorath Harappan Ceramics. G. L. Possehl and M. H. Raval (eds.). Harappan Civilization and Rojdi: 53- 156. New Delhi-Bombay-Calcutta: Oxford, IBH Publishing Co. and American Institute of Indian Studies.
Herman, C. F. 1997. “Harappan” Gujarat: The Archaeology – Chronology Connection. Paeorient 22 (2): 77-112. https://doi.org/10.3406/paleo. 1996.4637.
Herman, C.F. & K. Krishnan 1994. Micaceous Red Ware: A Gujarat Proto-Historic Cultural Complex or just Ceramic?A. Parpola and P. Koskikallio (Eds.). South Asian Archaeology 1993, Vol I. Helsinki: Annales Academic Scientiarum Fennicae Series B, Vol 271: 225-43.
IAR. 1953-54. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1954. Indian Archaeology 1953-54 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1954-55. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1955. Indian Archaeology 1954-55 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1957-58. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1958. Indian Archaeology 1957-58 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1960-61. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1961. Indian Archaeology 1960-61 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1961-62. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1964. Indian Archaeology 1961-62 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1962-63. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1965. Indian Archaeology 1962-63 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1963-64. Ghosh, A. (ed.). 1967. Indian Archaeology 1963-64 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1966-67. Deshpande, M. N. (ed.). 1975. Indian Archaeology 1966-67 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1978-79. Thapar, B. K. (ed.). 1981. Indian Archaeology 1978-79 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
IAR. 1984-85. Tripathi, R. C. (ed.). 1987. Indian Archaeology 1984-85 – A Review. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
Joshi, J. P. 1966. Exploration in Northern Kutch. Journal of Oriental Institute 16 (1): pp. 62-69.
Joshi, J. P. 1972a. Fresh Light on the archaeology of Kutch. Archaeological Congress and Seminar Papers. Ed. S. B. Deo. Nagpur University: pp. 21-35.
Joshi, J. P. 1972b. Exploration in Kutch and Excavation at Surkotada and New Light on Harappan Migration. Journal of Oriental Institute 22 (1-2): pp. 98-144.
Joshi, J. P. 1984. Harappa Culture: Emergence of a New Picture. Puratattva 13-14: 51-54.
Joshi, J. P. 1990. Excavations at Surkotada 1971-72 and Exploration in Kutch.Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India, No. 87. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
Krishnan, K. 1986. Chemical and Petrological Studies in Ancient Indian Pottery (Unpublished Ph.D Thesis). Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Vadodara.
Krishnan, K. & K. Dimri. 2005. Exploration in the Lilka River-basin in Saurashtra, Gujarat: A Preliminary Report. K. K. Chakravarty and G. L. Badam (eds.). River Valley Cultures of India: 199-204. Bhopal and New Delhi: Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya and Aryan Books International. Krishnan, K. & K. T. M. Hegde. 1988. Chemical and Petrographic Studies in Pottery of Harappa Culture in Gujarat. Journal of the M. S. University of Baroda 1986-87 (Humanities) 35-36 (1): 27-56. Krishnan, K. & S. P. Patel. 2018. The art and technology of reserving a slip. A complex side of Indus ceramic tradition, in Walking with the Unicorn, Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia, Jonathan Mark Kenoyer Felicitation Volume (D. Frenez, G.M. Jamison, R.W. Law, M. Vidale and R.H. Meadow Eds.), pp. 318-326. Oxford: Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19vbgkc.23.
Krishnan, K.; I. C. Freestone & A. C. Middleton. 2005. The Technology of ‘Glazed’ Reserved Slip Ware – A Fine Ceramic of the Harappan Period. Archaeometry 47 (4): 691-703. https://doi.org/10.1111j.14754754.2005.00227.x
Lal, B. B. 1985. Report on Pottery from Lothal. S. R. Rao (Ed.). Lothal: A Harappan Port Town, 1955-62. Memoirs of Archaeological Survey of India, No. 78.Vol. 2: 461-474.New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
Lindstrom, K.E. 2013. Pottery Preferences and Community Dynamics in the Indus CivilizationBorderlands. (Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation). Madison: University of Wisconsin –Madison. Mackay, E.J.H. 1938. Further Excavations at Mohenjo-Daro - Being an Official Account of Archaeological Excavations at Mohenjo-daro Carried Out by the Government of India Between the Years 1927 and 1931. Delhi: Government of India Press.
Majumdar, A & V. H. Sonawane. 1997. Pre Harappan Burial Pottery from Moti-Pipli: A New Dimension in the Cultural Assemblage of North Gujarat. Pragdhara-7: 11-17. Majumdar, A. 1999. A Ceramic Study of the Harappan Burials from North Gujarat (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis). Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara. Mehta, R. N. & S. N. Chaudhary. 1975. Excavation at Dhatwa. Maharaja Sayajirao University Archaeology Series No.12. Vadodara: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Mehta, R. N.; S. N. Chowdhary; K. T. M. Hegde & D. R. Shah. 1971. Excavation at Jokha. Maharaja Sayajirao University Archaeology Series No. 11. Baroda: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Mehta, R.N.; K.N. Momin & D.R. Shah. 1980. Excavation at Kanewal, Maharaja Sayajirao University Archaeology Series No.17: Vadodara: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Mirchandani, R.M. 1980. Archaeological Survey of Ahmedabad District Upto 1300 AD (Unpublished PhD Thesis), Vadodara: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Mughal, M. R. 1992. Jhukar and the Late Harappan Cultural mosaic of the Greater Indus Valley. In C. Jarrige (ed.). South Asian Archaeology 1989. Monographs in World Archaeology 14: 213-22. Madison: Prehistory press.
Munsell Soil Colour Chart. 1954. Munsell Colour Company, Inc. Baltimore, Maryland.
Nanavati, J. M.; R. N. Mehta & S. N. Chowdhary. 1971. Somnath-1956 (Monograph I). Ahmedabad and Vadodara: Department of Archaeology, Gujarat State and The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Patel, A. K. 2008. New Radiocarbon Determinations from Loteshwar and Their Implications for Understanding Holocene Settlement and Subsistence in North Gujarat and Adjoining Areas. E. M. Raven (ed.). South Asian Archaeology 1999 (Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference of the European Association of South Asian Archaeologists, held at the Universiteit Leidan, 5-9 July, 1999): 123-134. Groningen: Egbert Forsten.
Paul, A. B. & V. Shinde. 1998-1999. Archaeological Investigations in the Lower Shetrunji River Basin, District Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Bulletin of the Deccan College 58-59: 141-148.
Paul, A. B.; B. Tripathy & V. Shinde 1997. New Archaeological Discoveries in the Lower Shetrunji River Basin, Bhavnagar District, Gujarat. B. M. Khanduri and Vinod Nautiyal (eds.) Him-Kanti Archaeology, Art and History Prof. K. P. Nautiyal Felicitation Volume. pp. 53-63. Delhi: Book India Publishing Co.
Possehl, G. L. 1980. Indus Civilization in Saurashtra, B. R. Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.
Possehl, G. L. 2002. The Early Harappan. K. Paddayya (ed.). Recent Studies in Indian Archaeology: 112-128. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.
Possehl, G. L. & C. F. Herman. 1990. The Sorath Harappan A New Regional Manifestation of the Indus Urban Phase. M. Taddei and P. Callieri (eds.). South Asian Archaeology 1987: 295-319. Rome: Instituto Italiano Per il Medio Ed Estremo Oriente.
Possehl, G. L. & M. H. Raval. 1989. Harappan Civilization and Rojdi. New Delhi-Bombay-Calcutta: Oxford, IBH Publishing Co. And American Institute of Indian Studies.
Possehl, G.L. 1994. Radiometric Dates for South Asian Archaeology. An Occasional Publication of the Asia Section. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. Philadelphia: l -122.
Rajesh, S. V. 2011. A Comprehensive Study of the Regional Chalcolithic Cultures of Gujarat. (Unpublished Ph.D Thesis). Department of Archaeology and Ancient History. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda. Vadodara.
Rajesh, S.V. & K. Krishnan. 2017. Roots of Sorath Harappans: A study based on the re-analysis of ceramics from Padri and its surroundings in Gujarat, Western India, in Harappan Studies- Recent Researches in South Asian Archaeology II (M. Kumar and A. Uesugi Eds.), pp. 83-101. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
Rajesh, S.V.; Charusmita Gadekar; P. Ajithprasad; G.S. Abhayan; K. Krishnan & Marco Madella. 2018. Pre-Prabhas assemblage in Gujarat. An assessment based on the material culture from Somnath, Datrana and Janan, in Walking with the Unicorn. Social Organization and Material Culture in Ancient South Asia. Jonathan Mark Kenoyer Felicitation Volume (Dennys Frenez, Gregg Jamison, Randall Law, Massimo Vidale and Richard H. Meadow Eds.), pp. 499-521. Oxford: Archaeopress. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv19vbgkc.37
Rajesh, S.V.; K. Krishnan; P. Ajithprasad & V.H. Sonawane. 2013. Evaluating the Anarta tradition in the light of material culture from Loteshwar and other sites in Gujarat, Man and Environment XXXVII(2): 10-45. Rao, S. R. 1963. Excavation at Rangpur and Other Explorations in Gujarat. Ancient India (Bulletin of the Archaeological Survey of India) 18 and 19 (1962-63): 1-207.
Rao, S. R. 1973. Lothal and the Indus Civilization. London: Asia Publishing House.
Rao, S. R. 1979. Lothal: A Harappan Port Town, 1955-62. Memoirs of Archaeological Survey of India, No. 78. Vol. 1. Archaeological Survey of India: New Delhi.
Rao, S. R. 1985. Lothal: A Harappan Port Town, 1955-62. Memoirs of Archaeological Survey of India, No. 78.Vol. 2.New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India.
Reimer, P.J.; M.G.L. Baillib; E. Bard; A. Bayliss; J.W. Beck; P.G. Blackwell; C. Bronk Ramsey; C.E. Buck; G.S. Bun; R.L. Edwards; I. Friedrich; P.M. Grootes; T.P. Guilderson; I. Hajdas; T.J. Heaton; A.G. Hogg; K.A. Hughen; K.F. Kaiser; B. Kromer; F.G. McCormac; S.W. Manning; R.W. Reimer; D.A. Richards; J.R. Southon; S. Talamo; C.S.M. Turney; J. van der Plicht & C.E. Weyhenmeyer 2009. IntCal09 and Marine09 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves, 0-50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 51 : I I I 1-1 150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200034202. Rissman, P. C. &Y. M. Chitalwala. 1990. Harappan Civilization and Oriyo Timbo. New Delhi: Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. and American Institute of Indian Studies. Sankalia, H. D. 1965. Excavations at Langhnaj: 1944-63 (Part I) Archaeology. Poona: Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute. Sen, B. 2009. A Study of the Harappan and Sorath Harappan Settlement Features at Pithad in Jamnagar District with Special Reference to Other Harappan Settlements in Saurashtra, Gujarat (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Vadodara: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Shah, K. 2001. A Study of Black and Red Ware of Western indian Chalcolithic Cultures: A Natural Science Approach (Unpublished PhD Thesis). Vadodara: Department of Archaeology and Ancient History, The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Shinde, V & S.B. Kar. 1992. Padri Ware: a New Painted Ceramic Found in the Harappan Levels at Padri in Gujarat. Man and Environment XVII (2): 105-110. Shinde, V. 1992a. Excavations at Padri- 1990-91: A preliminary Report. Man and Envitronment XVII (1): 79-86. Shinde, V. 1992b. Padri and the Indus Civilization. South Asian Studies 8: 55-66.
Shinde, V. 1998. Pre-Harappan Padri Culture in Saurashtra: The Recent Discovery. South Asian Studies 14: 173-182.
Shirvalkar, P. 2008. Pre-and Early HarappanCultures of Saurashtra with Special Reference to Gulf of Cambay Region. (Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis). Pune: Deccan College Post Graduate and Research Institute.
Sonawane, V. H. & Ajithprasad, P. 1994. Harappan Culture and Gujarat.Man and Environment. XIX (1-2): 129-139.
Sonawane, V.H. & R.N. Mehta, 1985. Vagad- A Rural Harappan Settlement, Man and Environment IX: 38-44.
Sonawane, V.H.; P. Ajithprasad; K.K. Bhan; K. Krishnan; S. Pratapachandran; A. Majumdar; A. K. Patel & J. Menon. 2003. Excavations at Bagasra 1996-2003: A Preliminary Report. Man and Environment XXVIII (2): 21-50.
Soundararajan, K. V. 1984. Kutch Harappan- A Corridor of the Indus Phase. B.B. Lal and S.P.Gupta (eds.). Frontiers of the Indus Civilization: 217-226. New Delhi: Books and Books.
Subbarao, B. 1958. The Personality of India- Pre and Proto-Historic Foundation of India and Pakistan. M. S. University Archaeology Series No. 3. Vadodara: Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda.
Subbarao, B. 1961. The Problem of the Black and Red Ware of North India and Their Bearing on the South. Paper presented at the International Conference of the Asian Archaeology. New Delhi.
Vats, M. S. 1937. Trial Excavations at Rangpur, Limbdi State, Kathiawar.Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India 1934-35: 34-38. Willey, G. R. & P. Phillips. 1958. Method and Theory in American Archaeology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. | ||
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 188 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 123 |