پیوندهای مفید
اخبار و اعلانات
آمار
| تعداد نشریات | 31 |
| تعداد شمارهها | 830 |
| تعداد مقالات | 7,967 |
| تعداد مشاهده مقاله | 14,694,063 |
| تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله | 9,483,441 |
Investigating the Impact of Economic Sanctions on Iran-Nigeria Bilateral Trade (2012-2022) | ||
| International Journal of Business and Development Studies | ||
| دوره 15، شماره 1، خرداد 2023، صفحه 111-141 اصل مقاله (785.18 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: Research Paper | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ijbds.2023.46547.2060 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| Saeid Sehhat1؛ Alireza Habibi2؛ Mohammad Ghaffary Fard* 2؛ Yahaya Abdulmumin2 | ||
| 1allame tabatabaei university | ||
| 2ahlul bayt international university | ||
| چکیده | ||
| This study employs a quantitative approach, utilizing the gravity model and FMOLS estimation, to examine how economic sanctions affect the trade relationship between Iran and Nigeria. Additionally, it explores the influence of factors such as GDP, exchange rate, strong sanctions, and weak sanctions. By doing so, this research contributes to the existing knowledge on bilateral trade between these two nations and provides valuable insights into areas that require attention for fostering trade development between them. The research findings reveal that in the bilateral trade relationship between Iran and Nigeria, there exists a positive correlation between GDP and weak sanctions (LIM) with trade. An increase of 1% in GDP leads to a 7.79% increase in trade, while a 1% increase in weak sanctions contributes to a 3.91% increase in trade. Conversely, strong sanctions and exchange rate have a negative impact on trade, with a 1% increment in strong sanctions resulting in a 1.18% decrease in trade, and a 1% increment in exchange rate leading to a 1.96% decrease in trade. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| Economic Sanctions؛ Trade؛ GDP؛ Exchange Rate | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
- African Development Bank. "Nigeria: Understanding Economic Growth and Development." African Development Bank, https://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/nigeria-understanding-economic-growth-and-development. Accessed June 12, 2023.
- Afesorgbor, SK (2018). “The Impact of Economic Sanctions on International Trade: How Do Threaten Sanctions Compare with Imposed Sanctions?” European Journal of Political Economy.
- Askari, H; Forrer, J; Yang, J & Hachem, T (2005), “Measuring Vulnerability to US Foreign Economic Sanctions,” Business Economics, 40(2): 41-55.
- Afesorgbor, SK (2018). “The Impact of Economic Sanctions on International Trade: How Do Threaten Sanctions Compare with Imposed Sanctions?” European Journal of Political Economy.
- Allen, SH & Lektzian, DJ (2013). “Economic Sanctions: A Blunt Instrument?” Journal of Peace Research, 50(1): 121–135.
- Alnasrawi, A (2001). “Iraq: Economic Sanctions and Consequences, 1990–2000.” Third World Quarterly, 22(2): 205-218.
- Ajili, Hadi. Keshavarz Moghaddam, Elham. (2013), "The impact of international sanctions on Iran's economic development," development strategy, No. 36, pp.54-87. (In Persian).
- Ataev, N (2013). Economic Sanctions and Nuclear Proliferation: The Case of Iran. Master’s Thesis: Central European University.
- Bénassy-Quéré, A., Decreux, Y., Fontagné, L., & Khoudour-Castéras, D. (2010). Exchange rates and trade: A disconnect? The World Economy, 33(12), 1789-1838.
- Caruso, R (2003). “The impact of international economic sanctions on trade: An empirical analysis”. Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy, 9(2).
- Congressional Research Service. (2020). U.S. economic sanctions: Impacts, effectiveness, and implications for foreign policy and national security. Retrieved from https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R46573
- Cortright, D., & López, G. A. (2015). The sanctions era: Assessing UN strategies in the 1990s. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 59(2), 191-217.
Dizaji, S. F., & Van Bergeijk, P. AG. (2013). Potential Early Phase Success and Ultimate Failure of Economic Sanctions: a VAR Approach with an Application to Iran. Journal of Peace Research, 50(6): 721–736.
- Drezner, D. W. (2019). Sanctions sometimes smart: Targeted sanctions in theory and practice. International Studies Review, 21(2), 224-238.
- Doroudian, M., Erfani, A., Tabarsi, P., & Radmard, A. R. (2020). Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and children: What do we know so far? Journal of Pediatric Reviews, 8(1), 9-12.
- European Parliament. (2020). Impact of EU sanctions on Russia's economy, [Report]. Retrieved from https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE /2020/658284/EPRS_BRI(2020)658284_EN.pdf.
- Financial Tribune (2017). “Budget’s Oil Dependence Declines to 30%.”
- Felbermayr, G; Kirilakha, A; Syropoulos, C; Yalcin, E & Yotov, YV (2020). “The Global Sanctions Database.” European Economic Review, 129: 103561.
- Fontanelle, L. J., Menezes, R. C., Quadros, R. M., Souza, A. S., & Furtado, G. L. (2017). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene polymorphism, cognition and symptomatology in first-episode psychosis patients. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry, 44(4), 77-82.
- Francois, J., & Manchin, M. (2013). Institutions, infrastructure, and trade. World Development, 46, 165-175.
- Guardian (2012). “Iran Currency Crisis Sparks Tehran Street Clashes.” The Guardian.
- Gordon, MR & Sanger, ED (2015). “Iran Agrees to Detailed Nuclear Outline, First Step toward a Wider Deal”. New York Times.
- Gutmann, J; Neuenkirch, M & Neumeier, F (2021). “The Economic Effects of International Sanctions: An Event Study” CESifo Working Paper No. 9007.
- Hinz, J (2017). “The Cost of Sanctions: Estimating Lost Trade with Gravity.” Kiel Institute for the World Economy Working Paper, No. 2093.
- Hallaert, JJ (2014). “Importing Growth: The Crucial Role of Imports in a Trade-Led Growth Strategy.” GEM Policy Brief.
- Hufbauer, GC & Cimino-Isaacs, C (2021). “Trade Policy Disputes: The Role of Economic Sanctions”. Peterson Institute for International Economics.
-International Monetary Fund. (10,june,2023). Trade. Retrieved from https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/trade.
- Ibeh, N. (2020). Nigeria-Iran Trade Relations: Prospects and Challenges. In Nigeria-Iran Relations (pp. 67-80).
Jacobson, M (2008). “Sanctions against Iran: A Promising Struggle,” The Washington Quarterly, 13(3): 69–88.
- Kohl, T & Reesink, KC (2019). Sticks and Stones: Sanction Threats, Impositions, and Their Effect on International Trade. In T. Besedeš, & V. Nitsch (Eds.), Disrupted Economic Relationships: Disasters, Sanctions, Dissolutions (CESifo Seminar Series): MIT Press.
- Katzman, K. (2015). Iran Sanctions. Congressional Research Service, RS20871.
- Kwon, O; Syropoulos, C & Yotov, YV (2020). Pain and Gain: The Short-and Long-run Effects of Economic Sanctions on Growth. Manuscript.
- Kaempfer, WH & Lowenberg, AD (2007). Targeted Sanctions: Motivating Policy Change. Harvard International Review (Fall).
- Lektzian, D., & Sprecher, C. (2020). The impact of economic sanctions on the likelihood of violent conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 57(2), 281-296.
- Limão, N (2016). “Preferential Trade Agreements.” In K. Bagwell and R. W. Staiger (Eds.), Handbook of Commercial Policy. Amsterdam: North-Holland. 1: 279–367.
- Mehta, NS (2015). “The Dynamics of Relationship between Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in India.” International Journal of Research in Humanities & Social Sciences, 3: 39-47.
- Morrow, PM (2022). Comparative Advantage in Contemporary Trade Models. Oxford: Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance.
- Mohammadi, A., & Gasiorowski, M. J. (2015). The 2013 presidential election in Iran: The triumph of the moderates. Digest of Middle East Studies, 24(2), 319-330.
- Nonejad, M & Zamani, S (2013). “Effects of Comparative Advantage on Exports: A case study of Iranian industrial subsectors.” Journal of Economics & Behavioral Studies, 5(5): 252-259.
- Neuenkirch, M & Neumeier, F (2016). “The Impact of US Economic Sanctions on Poverty.” Journal of Development Economics, 121(Issue C): 110-119.
- Neuenkirch, M & Neumeier, F (2015). “The Impact of UN and US Economic Sanctions on GDP Growth.” European Journal of Political Economy, 40(Part A): 110-125.
- Oyekanmi, F. A. (2015). Impact of US Sanctions on Iran-Nigeria Trade. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/16655462/Impact_of_US_Sanctions_on_Iran_Nigeria_Trade.
- Olaniyi, E. O., & Adeniran, T. D. (2016). The Impact of Economic Sanctions on the Global Economy: A Case Study of Iran. Journal of Economics and International Finance, 8(2), 21-30.
- OECD (2009). National Accounts of OECD Countries 2009. Vol. I. Main Aggregates: OECD Publishing.
- Phillips, PCB & Hansen BE (1990). “Statistical Inference in Instrumental Variables Regression with I(1) Processes.” Review of Economic Studies.
- Rennack, DE (2022). Iran: U.S. Economic Sanctions and the Authority to Lift Restrictions. CRS Report R43311.
- Tehran Times. (2019, June 12). Iran-Nigeria trade falls to $451m due to sanctions. Tehran Times. Retrieved from https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/436037/Iran-Nigeria-trade-falls-to-451m-due-to-sanctions.
- The Guardian Nigeria. (2016, November 20). Nigeria turns to North America for oil as Iran sanctions bite. Retrieved from https://guardian.ng/news/nigeria-turns-to-north-america-for-oil-as-iran-sanctions-bite/
- Trading Economics (2019). “Iran Unemployment Rate.” Trading Economics.
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2020). "The Impact of Sanctions on the Realization of Human Rights.".
- United Nations Security Council (2008). Resolution 1803.
- United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), "Humanitarian Impact of Sanctions: A Special Issue," August 2021, https://www.unocha.org/sites/unocha/files/Sanctions-report-2021_0.pdf.
- World Bank. (2017). "Sanctions and the Banking Sector in Targeted Countries." Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/29098/9781464810687.pdf.
- World Bank. (2015). Connecting to Compete 2016: Trade Logistics in the Global Economy. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
- World Trade Organization (2011). World Trade Report 2011: The WTO and Preferential Trade Agreements: From Co-existence to Coherence. Geneva: WTO.
- Wood, A & Mayer, J (2001). “Africa’s Export Structure in a Comparative Perspective.” Cambridge Journal of Economics, 25: 369-394.
- Weisbrot, M & Sachs, J (2019). “Economic Sanctions as Collective Punishment: The Case of Venezuela.” Center for Economic and Policy Research, 1611 Connecticut Ave. NW.
- Yang, J; Askari, H; Forrer, J & Teegen, H (2004). “US Economic Sanctions: An Empirical Study.” The International Trade Journal, 18(1): 23–62. | ||
|
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 478 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 447 |
||