Optimizing the Design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station Integrating Renewable Energy and Seawater Desalination: A Case Study in Southern Iran

Maleki, Hamed; Sepasian, Mohammad Sadegh; Aghamohammadi, Mohammad Reza; Marzband, Mousa

doi:10.22111/ieco.2025.50666.1650

تعداد نشریات	31
تعداد شماره‌ها	825
تعداد مقالات	7,923
تعداد مشاهده مقاله	14,579,695
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله	9,437,490

	Optimizing the Design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station Integrating Renewable Energy and Seawater Desalination: A Case Study in Southern Iran
International Journal of Industrial Electronics Control and Optimization
مقاله 1، دوره 8، شماره 3، آذر 2025، صفحه 221-235 اصل مقاله (1.03 M)
نوع مقاله: Research Articles
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/ieco.2025.50666.1650
نویسندگان
Hamed Maleki¹؛ Mohammad Sadegh Sepasian^* ¹؛ Mohammad Reza Aghamohammadi¹؛ Mousa Marzband²
¹Electrical Engineering Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
²Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia4 Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy and Power Systems, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia5
چکیده
This study investigates the optimal design configuration of a hydrogen refueling station located in southern Iran, focusing on the integration of renewable energy sources and seawater desalination technology to achieve self-sufficiency. The station integrates various components, including photovoltaic panels, fuel cells, desalination units, natural gas and power-to-hydrogen conversion systems, and storage facilities for water and hydrogen. The primary goals are to achieve an independent power supply from renewable sources and an autonomous water supply through seawater desalination. To determine the most cost-effective configuration, a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model is developed, taking into account the water and power consumption of each component. The objective is to minimize the Net Present Cost (NPC) of investment, maintenance, and operation. The model is implemented and solved using the CBC solver within the PYOMO environment. The study's findings reveal that converting natural gas to hydrogen is more economically viable than power-to-hydrogen conversion, with the former accounting for more than 95% of the hydrogen produced. The power demand is effectively met by a combination of photovoltaic systems, fuel cells, and hydrogen storage. Moreover, the study highlights the benefits of integrating water and hydrogen storage systems, which optimizes the utilization of photovoltaic energy. Excess energy generated by the photovoltaic panels is utilized for seawater desalination and the production of green hydrogen
کلیدواژه‌ها
Hydrogen refueling station؛ Photovoltaic؛ Optimization؛ Water desalination

مراجع
[1] IEA, "CO2 Emissions in 2022," IEA, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/3c8fa115-35c44474-b237-1b00424c8844/CO2Emissionsin2022.pdf [2] IEA, "CO2 Emissions in 2023," 2024. [Online]. Available: https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/33e2badc-b839 4c18-84ce-f6387b3c008f/CO2Emissionsin2023.pdf [3] E. Monteiro and P. S. D. Brito, "Hydrogen supply chain: Current status and prospects," Energy Storage, vol. 5, no. 7, p. e466, 2023, doi: 10.1002/est2.466. [4] E. Hanson, C. Nwakile, and V. O. Hammed, "Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies: Evaluating the effectiveness of advanced CCUS solutions for reducing CO2 emissions," Results in Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 18, p. 100381, 2025/01/01/ 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2024.100381. [5] A. Ajanovic, M. Sayer, and R. Haas, "The economics and the environmental benignity of different colors of hydrogen," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 57, pp. 24136-24154, 2022/07/05/ 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.02.094. [6] Q. Hassan, S. Algburi, A. Z. Sameen, H. M. Salman, and M. Jaszczur, "Green hydrogen: A pathway to a sustainable energy future," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 50, pp. 310-333, 2024/01/02/ 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.08.321. [7] M. H. Ali Khan, R. Daiyan, P. Neal, N. Haque, I. MacGill, and R. Amal, "A framework for assessing economics of blue hydrogen production from steam methane reforming using carbon capture storage & utilisation," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 46, no. 44, pp. 2268522706, 2021/06/28/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.04.104. 2021, doi: [8] S. Shiva Kumar and H. Lim, "An overview of water electrolysis technologies for green hydrogen production," Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 13793-13813, 2022/11/01/ 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.10.127. [9] O. Massarweh, M. Al-khuzaei, M. Al-Shafi, Y. Bicer, and A. S. Abushaikha, "Blue hydrogen production from natural gas reservoirs: A review of application and feasibility," Journal of CO2 Utilization, vol. 70, p. 102438, 2023/04/01/ 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102438. [10] F. S. AlHumaidan, M. Absi Halabi, M. S. Rana, and M. Vinoba, "Blue hydrogen: Current status and future p. technologies," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 283, 116840, 2023/05/01/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.116840. 2023, doi: [11] I. B. Mansir, P. C. Okonkwo, and N. Farouk, "Technoeconomic Optimization of a Photovoltaic Wind Energy-Based Hydrogen Refueling Station: A Case Study," Energy Technology, vol. 11, no. 7, p. 2201490, 2023, doi: 10.1002/ente.202201490. [12] R. Caponi, A. Monforti Ferrario, L. Del Zotto, and E. Bocci, "Hydrogen refueling stations and fuel cell buses four year operational analysis under real-world conditions," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 54, pp. 20957-20970, 2023/06/29/ 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.10.093. [13] H. Sun, C. He, X. Yu, M. Wu, and Y. Ling, "Optimal siting and sizing of hydrogen refueling stations considering distributed hydrogen production and cost reduction for regional consumers," International Journal of Energy Research, vol. 43, no. 9, pp. 4184-4200, 2019, doi: 10.1002/er.4544. [14] M. Gökçek et al., "Optimum sizing of hybrid renewable power systems for on-site hydrogen refuelling stations: Case studies from Türkiye and Spain," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 59, pp. 715-729, 2024/03/15/ 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.02.068. [15] P. C. Okonkwo et al., "Utilization of renewable hybrid energy for refueling station in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 53, pp. 22273-22284, 2022/06/26/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.05.040. 2022, doi: [16] J. He, Y. Wu, M. Wu, M. Xu, and F. Liu, "Two-stage configuration optimization of a novel standalone renewable integrated energy system coupled with hydrogen refueling," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 251, p. 114953, 2022/01/01/ 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114953. [17] M. Gökçek and C. Kale, "Techno-economical evaluation of a hydrogen refuelling station powered by Wind-PV hybrid power system: A case study for İzmir-Çeşme," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, no. 23, pp. 10615-10625, 2018/06/07/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.01.082. 2018, doi: [18] E. M. Barhoumi, P. C. Okonkwo, I. Ben Belgacem, M. Zghaibeh, and I. Tlili, "Optimal sizing of photovoltaic systems based green hydrogen refueling stations case study Oman," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 75, pp. 31964-31973, 2022/09/01/ 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.07.140. [19] H. Aki, I. Sugimoto, T. Sugai, M. Toda, M. Kobayashi, and M. Ishida, "Optimal operation of a photovoltaic generation-powered hydrogen production system at a hydrogen refueling station," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, no. 32, pp. 14892-14904, 2018/08/09/ 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.06.077. [20] S. Bahou, "Techno-economic assessment of a hydrogen refuelling station powered by an on-grid photovoltaic solar system: A case study in Morocco," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 61, pp. 23363-23372, 2023/07/19/ 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.220. [21] E. M. Barhoumi, "Optimal design of standalone hybrid solar-wind energy systems for hydrogen-refueling station Case study," Journal of Energy Storage, vol. 74, p. 109546, 2023/12/25/ 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.est.2023.109546. [22] J. Baker, M. Guler, A. Medonna, Z. Li, and A. Ghosh, "Analysis of large-scale (1GW) off-grid agrivoltaic solar farm for hydrogen-powered fuel cell electric vehicle (HFCEV) charging station," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 323, p. 119184, 2025/01/01/ 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2024.119184. [23] N. Li, X. Zhao, X. Shi, Z. Pei, H. Mu, and F. Taghizadeh Hesary, "Integrated energy systems with CCHP and hydrogen supply: A new outlet for curtailed wind power," Applied Energy, vol. 303, p. 117619, 2021/12/01/ 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117619. [24] A. Riki, M. Oukati Sadegh, and O. Narouei, "Flexibility Constrained Energy Management of Smart Energy Hubs Considering Peer to Peer Transactive Energy and Demand Response Program," International Journal of Industrial Electronics Control and Optimization, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 67-82, 2025, doi: 10.22111/ieco.2024.49216.1587. [25] M. Feili and M. T. Aameli, "The P2P Energy Management Scheme for Integrated Energy Microgrid Considering P2G and Electricity Network Fee," International Journal of Industrial Electronics Control and Optimization, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-23, 2025, doi: 10.22111/ieco.2024.49044.1583. [26] M. Zoghi, N. Hosseinzadeh, S. Gharaie, and A. Zare, "4E comprehensive comparison and optimization of different renewable power sources for green hydrogen production," Renewable Energy, vol. 240, p. 122254, 2025/02/15/ 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.122254. [27] R. P. Micena, O. R. Llerena-Pizarro, T. M. de Souza, and J. L. Silveira, "Solar-powered Hydrogen Refueling Stations: A techno-economic analysis," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 2308-2318, 2020/01/13/ 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.11.092. [28] E. M. Barhoumi et al., "Techno-economic analysis of photovoltaic-hydrogen refueling station case study: A transport company Tunis-Tunisia," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 47, no. 58, pp. 24523-24532, 2022/07/08/ 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.10.111. [29] Y. Pang, L. Pan, J. Zhang, J. Chen, Y. Dong, and H. Sun, "Integrated sizing and scheduling of an off-grid integrated energy system for an isolated renewable energy hydrogen refueling station," Applied Energy, vol. 323, p. 119573, 2022/10/01/ 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119573. [30] X. Zhao, H. Mu, N. Li, X. Shi, C. Chen, and H. Wang, "Optimization and analysis of an integrated energy system based on wind power utilization and on-site hydrogen refueling station," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 57, pp. 21531-21543, 2023/07/05/ 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.03.056. [31] E. M. Barhoumi et al., "Techno-economic optimization of wind energy based hydrogen refueling station case study Salalah city Oman," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 48, no. 26, pp. 9529-9539, 2023/03/26/ 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.148. [32] R. Hemmati, S. M. Bornapour, and H. Saboori, "Standalone hybrid power-hydrogen system incorporating daily-seasonal green hydrogen storage and hydrogen refueling station," Energy, vol. 295, p. 131122, 2024/05/15/ 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2024.131122. [33] Y. Choi and S. Bhakta, "Hybrid solar photovoltaic-wind turbine system for on-site hydrogen production: A techno economic feasibility analysis of hydrogen refueling Station in South Korea's climatic conditions," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 93, pp. 736-752, 2024/12/03/ 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.11.037. [34] Y. Wang, Z. Zhou, G. Betrie, K. Zhang, and E. Yan, "Power generation-cooling water Nexus: Impacts of cooling water shortage on power system operation - a simulation case study in Illinois, U.S," Applied Energy, vol. 377, p. 124440, 2025/01/01/ 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124440. [35] H. Shemer, S. Wald, and R. Semiat, "Challenges and Solutions for Global Water Scarcity," Membranes, vol. 13, no. 6, p. 612, 2023, doi: 10.3390/membranes13060612. [36] K. Bareiß, C. de la Rua, M. Möckl, and T. Hamacher, "Life cycle assessment of hydrogen from proton exchange membrane water electrolysis in future energy systems," Applied Energy, vol. 237, pp. 862-872, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.01.001. [37] X. Shi, X. Liao, and Y. Li, "Quantification of fresh water consumption and scarcity footprints of hydrogen from water electrolysis: A methodology framework," Renewable Energy, vol. 154, pp. 786-796, 2020/07/01/ 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.03.026. [38] H. Mehrjerdi, "Modeling and integration of water desalination units in thermal unit commitment considering energy and water storage," Desalination, vol. 483, p. 114411, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2020.114411. [39] J. Kim, K. Park, D. R. Yang, and S. Hong, "A comprehensive review of energy consumption of seawater reverse osmosis desalination plants," Applied Energy, vol. 254, p. 113652, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113652. [40] " Enabling a low-carbon economy," in "Hydrogen Strategy," U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2020/07/f76/USD OE_FE_Hydrogen_Strategy_July2020.pdf [41] E. Cetinkaya, I. Dincer, and G. F. Naterer, "Life cycle assessment of various hydrogen production methods," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 2071-2080, 2012/02/01/ 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2011.10.064 2012, doi: [42] J. Karkhaneh, Y. Allahvirdizadeh, H. Shayanfar, and S. Galvani, "Risk-constrained probabilistic optimal scheduling of FCPP-CHP based energy hub considering demand-side resources," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 45, no. 33, pp. 16751-16772, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.04.131. [43] Y. Riffonneau, S. Bacha, F. Barruel, and S. Ploix, "Optimal power flow management for grid connected PV systems with batteries," IEEE Transactions on sustainable energy, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 10.1109/TSTE.2011.2114901. 309-320, 2011, doi: [44] M. Katebah, M. m. Al-Rawashdeh, and P. Linke, "Analysis of hydrogen production costs in Steam-Methane Reforming considering integration with electrolysis and CO2 capture," Cleaner Engineering and Technology, vol. 10, p. 100552, 2022/10/01/ 10.1016/j.clet.2022.100552. 2022, doi: [45] A. O. Oni, K. Anaya, T. Giwa, G. Di Lullo, and A. Kumar, "Comparative assessment of blue hydrogen from steam methane reforming, autothermal reforming, and natural gas decomposition technologies for natural gas-producing regions," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 254, p. 115245, 2022/02/15/ 10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115245. 2022, doi: [46] Y. Allahvirdizadeh, H. Shayanfar, and M. P. Moghaddam, "Stochastic expansion planning of transmission syste and energy hubs in the presence of correlated uncertain variables," IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 911-946, 2023, doi: 10.1049/gtd2.12715. [47] F. A. Kassab, B. Celik, F. Locment, M. Sechilariu, S. Liaquat, and T. M. Hansen, "Optimal sizing and energy management of a microgrid: A joint MILP approach for minimization of energy cost and carbon emission," Renewable Energy, vol. 224, p. 120186, 2024/04/01/ 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.120186. [48] R. Caponi, E. Bocci, and L. Del Zotto, "On-site hydrogen refuelling station techno-economic model for a fleet of fuel cell buses," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 71, pp. 691-700, 2024/06/19/ 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.05.216. [49] N. Wolf, R. Neuber, A. Mädlow, and M. Höck, "Techno economic analysis of green hydrogen supply for a hydrogen refueling station in Germany," International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, vol. 106, pp. 318-333, 2025/03/06/ 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.01.424. [50] P. K. Rose and F. Neumann, "Hydrogen refueling station networks for heavy-duty vehicles in future power systems," Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, vol. 83, p. 102358, 2020/06/01/ 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.trd.2020.102358. [51] B. o. G. o. t. F. R. S. (US). U.S. Dollars to Euro Spot Exchange Rate [AEXUSEU] [Online] Available: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/AEXUSEU [52] B. o. G. o. t. F. R. S. (US). U.S. Dollars to Euro Spot Exchange Rate [EXUSEU] [Online] Available: https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/EXUSEU [53] [Online]. Available: https://www.satba.gov.ir/suna_content/media/image/2021/01/8717_orig.pdf
آمار تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 733 تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 428

سامانه مدیریت نشریات علمی. طراحی و پیاده سازی از سیناوب

پیوندهای مفید

اخبار و اعلانات

آمار

Optimizing the Design of a Hydrogen Refueling Station Integrating Renewable Energy and Seawater Desalination: A Case Study in Southern Iran