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شناسایی سوگیریها و تلنگرهای رفتاری در مدیریت بحران | ||
| پژوهش های مدیریت عمومی | ||
| مقاله 6، دوره 18، شماره 69، مهر 1404، صفحه 155-188 اصل مقاله (1.59 M) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22111/jmr.2025.49726.6243 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| سید کمال واعظی* 1؛ آرش شیرانی فرادنبه2 | ||
| 1دانشیار، گروه رهبری و سرمایه انسانی، دانشکده مدیریت دولتی و علوم سازمانی، دانشکدگان مدیریت، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| 2دانشآموخته دکتری مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. | ||
| چکیده | ||
| این پژوهش به بررسی سوگیریهایی پرداخته که تصمیمات و رفتار مدیران بحران را در هنگام وقوع بلایای طبیعی دچار انحراف کرده و باعث میشود تصمیمات مناسب و بهینه اتخاذ نگردد. این مطالعه به دنبال شناسایی الگوهای ذهنی و سوگیریهای احتمالی مدیران بحران در زمان وقوع حوادث طبیعی بر اساس مفاهیم اقتصاد رفتاری است. در فرایند انجام پژوهش با استفاده از مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته از روش کیو استفاده شده است. مصاحبهها با 25 نفر از مدیران بحران که با روش گلوله برفی انتخاب شدند صورت پذیرفت و در نهایت 25 گزاره تایید شد. تحلیل انجام شده نشان داد تصمیمات مدیریت بحران در ایران بیشتر متاثر از سوگیری خوشبینی بوده و الگوهای ذهنی کاهش فشار اجتماعی و خدمتگذاری محافظه کارانه در مراحل تصمیمات مدیران بحران تاثیر گذار است. برخی سوگیریها منحصربه فرد در مرحله قبل از بحران شامل سوگیری عدم ثبات مدیران بحران، ناامیدی، مواجه رسانهای، عادی سازی و تجانس شناختی است. در خصوص سوگیریهای حین بحران خبرگان اعتقاد داشتند مدیریت بحران در ایران علاوه بر سوگیریهای مصطلح دچار 4 سوگیری اقدامجمعی، فرافکنی، هیجان و عدم اعتماد در بدنه مدیریت میباشد. در خصوص سوگیریهای بعد از بحران سوگیری ناشی از اعتماد به چهرهها بروز قابل توجهی دارد. پژوهش در عین حال نشان داد تلنگرها میتوانند به عنوان ابزار مهار این سوگیریها مطرح شوند. در همین راستا 23 تلنگر رفتاری در زمان قبل از بحران، 17 تلنگر در حین بحران و 4 تلنگر در مرحله بعد از بحران شناسایی و ارائه گردید. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| سوگیری رفتاری؛ مدیریت بحران؛ تلنگر؛ بلایای طبیعی | ||
| مراجع | ||
|
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